Hauv kev nrhiav kev ruaj ntseg, cov sensors tau txo lub sij hawm voj voog, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab pov tseg, automating kaw-loop txheej txheem tswj thiab nce kev paub, qhib qhov tshiab muaj peev xwm rau kev tsim khoom ntse thiab cov qauv.#sensors #sustainability #SHM
Sensors ntawm sab laug (sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab): kub flux (TFX), nyob rau hauv-pwm dielectrics (Lambient), ultrasonics (University of Augsburg), pov tseg dielectrics (Synthesites) thiab nruab nrab ntawm pennies thiab thermocouples Microwire (AvPro).Graphs (sab saum toj, clockwise): Collo dielectric tas li (CP) piv rau Collo ionic viscosity (CIV), resin tiv thaiv lub sij hawm (Synthesites) thiab cov qauv ntawm caprolactam implanted preforms siv electromagnetic sensors (CosiMo project, DLR ZLP, University of Augsburg).
Raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb txuas ntxiv tshwm sim los ntawm COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, nws tau hloov mus ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj khov, uas yuav tsum tau txo cov khoom pov tseg thiab siv cov peev txheej (xws li lub zog, dej thiab khoom siv). Yog li ntawd, kev tsim khoom yuav tsum ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ntse dua. .Tab sis qhov no xav tau cov ntaub ntawv.Rau cov khoom sib xyaw, cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj qhov twg?
Raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv CW's 2020 Composites 4.0 series ntawm cov khoom, txhais cov kev ntsuas xav tau los txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab cov sensors xav tau kom ua tiav cov kev ntsuas, yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim khoom ntse.Lub sijhawm 2020 thiab 2021, CW qhia txog sensors-dielectric sensors, heat flux sensors, fiber optic sensors, thiab non-contact sensors siv ultrasonic thiab electromagnetic nthwv dej-nrog rau cov haujlwm uas qhia txog lawv lub peev xwm (saib CW cov ntsiab lus hauv online sensor teeb).Cov lus no ua rau ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm no los ntawm kev sib tham txog cov sensors siv hauv kev sib xyaw. cov ntaub ntawv, lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau cog lus thiab cov kev sib tw, thiab cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis hauv kev txhim kho.Qhov tseem ceeb, cov tuam txhab uas tab tom tawm los ua cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam composites twb tau tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav qhov chaw no.
Sensor network hauv CosiMo Ib lub network ntawm 74 sensors - 57 ntawm uas yog ultrasonic sensors tsim nyob rau hauv University of Augsburg (pom ntawm sab xis, lub teeb xiav dots nyob rau sab sauv thiab qis pwm halves) - yog siv rau lub hau demonstrator rau T-RTM Moulding CosiMo project rau cov roj teeb thermoplastic.Image credit: CosiMo project, DLR ZLP Augsburg, University of Augsburg
Lub hom phiaj # 1: Txuag nyiaj.Lub CW lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021 blog, "Kev Cai Ultrasonic Sensors rau Composite Process Optimization thiab Tswj," piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm University of Augsburg (UNA, Augsburg, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) los tsim lub network ntawm 74 sensors uas Rau CosiMo qhov project los tsim ib lub roj teeb EV cover demonstrator (cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv kev tsheb thauj mus los ntse).Qhov yog tsim los siv cov thermoplastic resin hloov molding (T-RTM), uas polymerizes caprolactam monomer nyob rau hauv situ rau hauv polyamide 6 (PA6) composite.Markus Sause, xibfwb ntawm UNA thiab Lub taub hau ntawm UNA's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Production Network hauv Augsburg, piav qhia tias vim li cas cov sensors tseem ceeb heev: "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas peb muab yog qhov pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv lub thawv dub thaum ua haujlwm. Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem txwv kom ua tiav qhov no. Piv txwv li, lawv siv yooj yim heev los yog tshwj xeeb sensors thaum siv resin infusion los ua loj aerospace qhov chaw. Yog hais tias cov txheej txheem infusion mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm, koj yeej muaj ib qho loj ntawm seem. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj cov kev daws teeb meem kom nkag siab txog qhov ua yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab vim li cas, koj tuaj yeem kho nws thiab kho nws, txuag koj nyiaj ntau. "
Thermocouples yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm "qhov yooj yim lossis qhov tshwj xeeb sensor" uas tau siv rau ntau xyoo los saib xyuas qhov kub ntawm cov laminates sib xyaw thaum lub sij hawm autoclave los yog qhov cub curing.Lawv tseem siv los tswj qhov kub hauv qhov cub lossis cua sov pam vov los kho cov khoom siv sib xyaw siv. Thermal bonders.Resin manufacturers siv ntau yam sensors nyob rau hauv lub lab los saib xyuas cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv resin viscosity nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab kub los tsim kho formulations.Dab tsi yog tshwm sim, txawm li cas los xij, yog lub network sensor uas tuaj yeem pom thiab tswj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv chaw raws li. ntau yam tsis muaj (piv txwv li, kub thiab siab) thiab lub xeev ntawm cov khoom (xws li, viscosity, aggregation, crystallization).
Piv txwv li, lub ultrasonic sensor tsim rau CosiMo project siv tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li kev soj ntsuam ultrasonic, uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj (NDI) ntawm cov khoom tiav tiav. tau hais tias: "Peb lub hom phiaj yog kom txo qis lub sijhawm thiab kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv yav tom ntej thaum peb txav mus rau kev tsim khoom digital." Materials Center (NCC, Bristol, UK) kev sib koom tes los ua kom pom kev saib xyuas ntawm Solvay (Alpharetta, GA, USA) EP 2400 nplhaib thaum RTM siv cov kab dielectric sensor tsim los ntawm Cranfield University (Cranfield, UK) Flow thiab kho cov oxyresin rau ib 1.3 m ntev, 0.8 m dav thiab 0.4 m sib sib zog nqus plhaub rau kev lag luam dav hlau tshuab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob. "Raws li peb tau saib yuav ua li cas ua cov rooj sib txoos loj nrog cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua, peb tsis tuaj yeem ua txhua yam kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab ua tiav thiab kev sim rau txhua qhov chaw, "Karapapas tau hais tias "Tam sim no, peb ua cov chaw sim ntawm ib sab ntawm cov RTM cov khoom no thiab tom qab ntawd ua qhov kev sim tshuab kom siv tau lub voj voog kho. Tab sis nrog lub sensor, qhov ntawd tsis tsim nyog. "
Lub Collo Probe yog raus rau hauv cov xim sib xyaw cov hlab ntsha (lub voj voog ntsuab nyob rau saum toj) txhawm rau kuaj pom thaum sib xyaw ua tiav, txuag lub sijhawm thiab lub zog.Image credit: ColloidTek Oy
Matti Järveläinen, CEO thiab tus tsim ntawm ColloidTek Oy (Kolo, Tampere, Finland), CW Lub Ib Hlis 2022 blog "Fingerprint Liquids for Composites" hais tias "Peb lub hom phiaj tsis yog los ua lwm yam khoom siv hauv kev sim, tab sis tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom,". ua ke ntawm electromagnetic field (EMF) sensors, teeb liab ua thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam los ntsuas cov "ntiv tes" ntawm tej kua xws li monomers, resins los yog adhesives .“Dab tsi peb muab yog ib tug tshiab technology uas muab tswv yim ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, yog li koj muaj peev xwm Järveläinen hais tias, "Peb cov sensors hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm mus rau kev nkag siab thiab ua tau zoo ntawm lub cev, xws li rheological viscosity, uas tso cai rau cov txheej txheem optimization. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm sib xyaw vim tias koj tuaj yeem pom meej thaum sib tov tiav. Yog li ntawd, nrog Koj tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom tsim tau, txuag lub zog thiab txo cov khoom seem piv rau kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua. "
Lub hom phiaj # 2: Ua kom cov txheej txheem kev paub thiab pom qhov pom.Rau cov txheej txheem xws li kev sib sau ua ke, Järveläinen hais tias, “Koj tsis pom ntau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib qho snapshot xwb. Koj tsuas yog coj tus qauv thiab nkag mus rau hauv chav kuaj thiab saib seb nws zoo li feeb lossis teev dhau los. Nws zoo li tsav tsheb ntawm txoj kev loj, txhua teev Qhib koj lub qhov muag rau ib feeb thiab sim twv seb txoj kev mus qhov twg. " Sause pom zoo, sau tseg tias lub network sensor tsim hauv CosiMo "pab peb kom tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov teebmeem hauv zos hauv cov txheej txheem, hauv kev teb rau Variations nyob rau hauv ib feem thickness los yog integrated cov ntaub ntawv xws li ua npuas ncauj core. Qhov peb tab tom sim ua yog muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag hauv pwm. Qhov no tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab ntau yam ntaub ntawv xws li cov duab ntawm qhov ntws mus rau pem hauv ntej, tuaj txog ntawm txhua lub sijhawm thiab qib ntawm kev sib sau ntawm txhua qhov chaw sensor. "
Collo ua hauj lwm nrog manufacturers ntawm epoxy adhesives, xim thiab txawm npias los tsim cov txheej txheem profiles rau txhua batch tsim.Tam sim no txhua tus neeg tsim khoom muaj peev xwm saib cov dynamics ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem thiab teem ntau optimized tsis, nrog ceeb toom los cuam tshuam thaum batches tawm ntawm specification.Qhov no pab. ruaj khov thiab txhim kho zoo.
Yees duab ntawm cov dej ntws pem hauv ntej hauv CosiMo ib feem (kev txhaj tshuaj nkag yog qhov chaw dawb hauv qhov chaw) ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm, raws li kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub hauv paus sensor network.Image credit: CosiMo project, DLR ZLP Augsburg, University of Augsburg
"Kuv xav paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, tsis qhib lub thawv thiab pom tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab," hais tias Meggitt's Karapapas. los xyuas qhov kev kho ntawm cov resin. " Siv tag nrho rau 6 hom sensors tau piav qhia hauv qab no (tsis yog daim ntawv teev tag nrho, tsuas yog xaiv me me xwb, cov neeg muag khoom, ib yam nkaus), tuaj yeem saib xyuas kev kho / polymerization thiab resin flow.Qee cov sensors muaj peev xwm ntxiv, thiab cov hom kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem nthuav dav kev taug qab thiab pom qhov ua tau zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm sib xyaw molding.Qhov no tau pom thaum lub sij hawm CosiMo, uas siv ultrasonic, dielectric thiab piezoresistive nyob rau hauv hom sensors rau kub thiab siab ntsuas los ntawm Kistler (Winterthur, Switzerland).
Lub hom phiaj #3: Txo lub sij hawm voj voog.Collo sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov sib xws ntawm ob feem ceev-kho epoxy raws li qhov A thiab B tau sib xyaw thiab txhaj tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm RTM thiab txhua qhov chaw hauv pwm qhov chaw zoo li no tuaj yeem pab tau. Kev kho mob sai dua rau cov ntawv thov xws li Urban Air Mobility (UAM), uas yuav muab kev kho mob sai dua piv rau tam sim no ib feem epoxies xws li RTM6.
Collo sensors tseem tuaj yeem saib xyuas thiab pom cov epoxy raug degassed, txhaj tshuaj thiab kho, thiab thaum txhua tus txheej txheem ua tiav.Finishing curing thiab lwm yam txheej txheem raws li lub xeev tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom raug ua tiav (piv rau cov sij hawm ib txwm muaj thiab cov zaub mov kub) yog hu ua cov khoom siv hauv xeev. (MSM).Cov tuam txhab xws li AvPro (Norman, Oklahoma, USA) tau nrhiav MSM rau ntau xyoo los taug qab cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem raws li nws nrhiav cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb rau iav hloov kub (Tg), viscosity, polymerization thiab / lossis crystallization .Piv txwv li, lub network ntawm sensors thiab digital tsom xam hauv CosiMo tau siv los txiav txim siab lub sijhawm tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua kom sov RTM xovxwm thiab pwm thiab pom tias 96% ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws polymerization tau ua tiav hauv 4.5 feeb.
Dielectric sensor lwm tus neeg xws li Lambient Technologies (Cambridge, MA, USA), Netzsch (Selb, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) thiab Synthesites (Uccle, Belgium) kuj tau qhia lawv lub peev xwm los txo lub sij hawm voj voog.Synthesites 'R&D project nrog composites manufacturers Hutchinson (Paris, Fabkis. ) thiab Bombardier Belfast (tam sim no Ntsuj Plig AeroSystems (Belfast, Ireland)) qhia tias raws li kev ntsuas lub sij hawm ntawm resin resistance thiab kub, los ntawm nws qhov Optimold cov ntaub ntawv nrhiav tau thiab Optiview Software hloov mus rau kwv yees viscosity thiab Tg.“Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem pom Tg nyob rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag, yog li lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab thaum twg yuav tsum nres lub voj voog kho, "hais Nikos Pantelelis, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Synthesites. "Lawv tsis tas yuav tos kom ua tiav lub voj voog nqa khoom ntev dua li qhov tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, lub voj voog ib txwm muaj rau RTM6 yog 2-teev kho tag nrho ntawm 180 ° C. Peb tau pom tias qhov no tuaj yeem luv luv rau 70 feeb hauv qee qhov geometry. Qhov no kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv INNOTOOL 4.0 qhov project (saib "Accelerating RTM with Heat Flux Sensors"), qhov uas siv lub tshav kub flux sensor shortened RTM6 kho voj voog ntawm 120 feeb mus rau 90 feeb.
Lub hom phiaj # 4: Kaw-loop tswj ntawm cov txheej txheem yoog.Rau CosiMo qhov project, lub hom phiaj kawg yog kom tswj tau qhov kaw-voj thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom sib xyaw.Qhov no kuj yog lub hom phiaj ntawm ZAero thiab iComposite 4.0 cov haujlwm qhia los ntawm CW hauv 2020 (30-50% tus nqi txo).Nco ntsoov tias cov no koom nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawv - kev tso chaw ntawm prepreg daim kab xev (ZAero) thiab fiber ntau txau preforming piv rau kev kub siab T-RTM hauv CosiMo rau RTM nrog ceev curing epoxy (iComposite 4.0).Tag nrho ntawm cov haujlwm no siv cov sensors nrog cov qauv digital thiab algorithms los simulate cov txheej txheem thiab kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ua tiav.
Kev tswj cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam, Sause piav qhia. Thawj kauj ruam yog kev sib koom ua ke sensors thiab cov txheej txheem cov cuab yeej, nws hais tias, "kom pom qhov tshwm sim hauv lub thawv dub thiab qhov tsis siv. Lwm ob peb kauj ruam, tej zaum ib nrab ntawm kev kaw-voj tswj, muaj peev xwm thawb lub khawm nres kom cuam tshuam, Kho cov txheej txheem thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis lees paub. Raws li cov kauj ruam kawg, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntxaib digital, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau nqis peev hauv kev kawm tshuab. " Hauv CosiMo, qhov kev nqis peev no tso cai rau cov sensors pub cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv cov ntxaib digital, Edge tsom xam (kev suav ua nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov kab ntau lawm piv rau kev suav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv nruab nrab) yog siv los kwv yees kev khiav hauv pem hauv ntej dynamics, fiber ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm textile preform. thiab tej zaum cov chaw qhuav. "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem tsim teeb tsa kom qhib lub voj kaw kaw thiab kho hauv cov txheej txheem," Sause tau hais tias "Cov no yuav suav nrog qhov tsis xws li kev txhaj tshuaj, pwm siab thiab kub. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv no los txhim kho koj cov khoom siv. "
Hauv kev ua li ntawd, cov tuam txhab siv cov sensors rau automate cov txheej txheem.Piv txwv li, Synthesites ua haujlwm nrog nws cov neeg siv khoom los koom ua ke cov sensors nrog cov khoom siv los kaw cov resin inlet thaum infusion tiav, los yog qhib lub tshav kub xovxwm thaum lub hom phiaj kho tiav.
Järveläinen sau tseg tias txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb lub sensor twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua qhov kev siv, "koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem koj xav saib xyuas, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum muaj lub ntsuas ntsuas." Tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau txais cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm tus neeg nug lossis cov ntaub ntawv nrhiav tau. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv tau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. "Koj yeej pom ntau lub tuam txhab sib koom ua ke sensors, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tsis ua dab tsi nrog cov ntaub ntawv," Sause tau hais.Qhov xav tau, nws piav qhia, yog "lub kaw lus. ntawm kev nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia architecture kom muaj peev xwm ua cov ntaub ntawv. "
Järveläinen hais tias "Cov neeg siv kawg tsis tsuas yog xav pom cov ntaub ntawv nyoos,"Lawv xav paub, 'Puas yog cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua?'" Thaum twg cov kauj ruam tom ntej tuaj yeem ua tau?" Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau muab ntau lub sensors rau kev tsom xam, thiab tom qab ntawd siv tshuab kev kawm kom ceev cov txheej txheem. " Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntug thiab kev kawm tshuab siv los ntawm pab pawg Collo thiab CosiMo tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm viscosity maps, tus lej qauv ntawm cov dej ntws mus rau pem hauv ntej, thiab lub peev xwm kawg tswj cov txheej txheem tsis thiab tshuab yog pom.
Optimold yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsim los ntawm Synthesites rau nws cov dielectric sensors.Controlled los ntawm Synthesites 'Optiview software, lub Optimold chav tsev siv kub thiab resin kuj ntsuas los xam thiab tso saib real-time graphs los saib xyuas cov xwm txheej resin nrog rau kev sib tov piv, tshuaj aging, viscosity, Tg thiab degree ntawm kev kho.Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem prepreg thiab ua kua ua kua.Ib chav tsev cais Optiflow yog siv rau kev saib xyuas txaus.Synthesites kuj tau tsim kho simulator uas tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub ntsuas ntsuas hauv pwm lossis ib feem, tab sis siv ib qho Kub sensor thiab resin / prepreg cov qauv hauv chav ntsuas ntsuas no. "Peb tab tom siv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tshuaj thiab cov nplaum kho rau cua turbine hniav ntau lawm," said Nikos Pantelelis, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Synthesites.
Synthesites txheej txheem tswj kev sib koom ua ke cov sensors, Optiflow thiab / lossis Optimold cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, thiab OptiView thiab / lossis Online Resin Status (ORS) software.Image credit: Synthesites, edited by The CW
Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov neeg muag khoom sensor tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov ntsuas ntsuas, qee qhov siv tshuab kev kawm thiab qee qhov tsis yog.Tab sis cov tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej cov txheej txheem kev cai lossis yuav cov cuab yeej tawm ntawm lub txee thiab hloov kho kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.Txawm li cas los xij, muaj peev xwm ntsuas tau yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xav txog.Muaj ntau lwm tus.
Kev sib cuag kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab thaum xaiv lub sensor siv.Lub sensor yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom, tus neeg nug, los yog ob qho tib si.Piv txwv li, kub flux thiab ultrasonic sensors yuav muab tso rau hauv ib lub RTM pwm 1-20mm los ntawm Qhov saum npoo - kev saib xyuas kom raug tsis tas yuav tsum tau sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv hauv pwm.Ultrasonic sensors tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov siv zaus.Collo electromagnetic sensors tuaj yeem nyeem qhov tob ntawm cov kua lossis qhov chaw - 2-10 cm, nyob ntawm seb ntawm qhov zaus ntawm kev nug - thiab los ntawm cov thawv uas tsis yog xim hlau lossis cov cuab yeej sib cuag nrog cov resin.
Txawm li cas los xij, magnetic microwires (saib "Kev soj ntsuam tsis sib cuag ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov khoom sib txuas") tam sim no tsuas yog cov sensors uas muaj peev xwm los soj ntsuam cov khoom sib nqus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 10 cm.Qhov ntawd yog vim nws siv electromagnetic induction los elicit teb los ntawm lub sensor, uas. yog embedded nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.AvPro's ThermoPulse microwire sensor, embedded nyob rau hauv cov nplaum daim ntawv cog lus, tau raug nug los ntawm ib tug 25 hli tuab carbon fiber laminate los ntsuas kub thaum lub sij hawm sib txuas txheej txheem.Vim cov microwires muaj ib tug plaub hau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3-70 microns, Lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau kev sib xyaw lossis kev sib raug zoo.Txawm li cas los xij ntawm qhov loj me me ntawm 100-200 microns, fiber ntau optic sensors kuj tseem tuaj yeem kos tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias lawv siv lub teeb los ntsuas, fiber ntau optic sensors yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv. interrogator.Ib yam li ntawd, txij li cov dielectric sensors siv qhov hluav taws xob los ntsuas cov khoom siv cob, lawv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog tus neeg nug, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov resin lawv saib xyuas.
Lub Collo Probe (sab saum toj) sensor tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov kua dej, thaum lub Collo Phaj (hauv qab) tau teeb tsa rau hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj / cov khoom sib xyaw lossis cov txheej txheem piping / pub kab.Image credit: ColloidTek Oy
Qhov kub muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sensor yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab.Piv txwv li, feem ntau tawm ntawm lub txee ultrasonic sensors feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub txog li 150 ° C, tab sis qhov chaw hauv CosiMo yuav tsum tau tsim ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 200 ° C.Yog li ntawd, UNA yuav tsum tau tsim ib qho ultrasonic sensor nrog lub peev xwm no.Lambient lub disposable dielectric sensors yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm qhov chaw mus txog 350 ° C, thiab nws reusable nyob rau hauv-pwm sensors yuav siv tau txog 250 ° C.RVmagnetics (Kosice, Slovakia) tau tsim. nws cov microwire sensor rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev kho mob ntawm 500 ° C.Thaum lub tshuab Collo sensor nws tus kheej tsis muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, lub iav tempered rau Collo Plate thiab polyetheretherketone (PEEK) vaj tsev tshiab rau Collo Probe yog ob qho tib si kuaj. rau cov dej num tas mus li ntawm 150 ° C, raws li Järveläinen.Meanwhile, PhotonFirst (Alkmaar, Lub Netherlands) siv cov txheej polyimide los muab kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm 350 ° C rau nws cov fiber ntau optic sensor rau SuCoHS qhov project, kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab nqi- ua tau zoo high-temperature composite.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev teeb tsa, yog seb lub ntsuas ntsuas ntawm ib qho taw qhia lossis yog cov kab hluav taws xob uas muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus pom.Piv txwv li, Com&Sens (Eke, Belgium) fiber ntau optic sensors tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 meters ntev thiab ua haujlwm zoo. mus rau 40 fiber ntau Bragg grating (FBG) sensing cov ntsiab lus nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov sib nrug ntawm 1 cm.Cov sensors no tau siv rau kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv (SHM) ntawm 66-meter-ntev cov txuas txuas txuas thiab cov resin ntws xyuas thaum lub sij hawm infusion ntawm loj choj decks.Installing Ib tus neeg taw tes sensors rau qhov project no yuav xav tau ntau tus sensors thiab ntau lub sijhawm teeb tsa.NCC thiab Cranfield University thov cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws rau lawv cov kab dielectric sensors.Piv rau ib qho taw tes dielectric sensors muab los ntawm Lambient, Netzsch thiab Synthesites, " Nrog peb cov linear sensor, peb tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov dej ntws tsis tu ncua raws qhov ntev, uas txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov sensors xav tau hauv ib feem lossis cov cuab yeej. "
AFP NLR rau Fiber Optic Sensors Ib chav tshwj xeeb tau koom ua ke rau hauv 8th channel ntawm Coriolis AFP lub taub hau tso plaub fiber ntau optic sensor arrays rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, carbon fiber reinforced composite test panel.Image credit: SuCoHS Project, NLR
Linear sensors kuj pab automate installations.In SuCoHS project, Royal NLR (Dutch Aerospace Center, Marknesse) tau tsim ib chav tshwj xeeb kev koom ua ke rau hauv 8th channel Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) lub taub hau ntawm Coriolis Composites (Queven, Fabkis) rau embed Plaub arrays ( cais fiber ntau optic kab), txhua tus nrog 5 txog 6 FBG sensors (PhotonFirst muaj tag nrho ntawm 23 sensors), hauv carbon fiber test panels.RVmagnetics tau tso nws cov microwire sensors hauv pultruded GFRP rebar. "Cov xov hlau tsis txuas ntxiv [1-4 cm. ntev rau feem ntau composites microwires], tab sis tau cia li tso tsis tu ncua thaum lub rebar yog tsim, "Ratislav Varga, co-founder ntawm RVmagnetics hais. "Koj muaj microwire nrog 1km microwire. coils ntawm filament thiab pub nws mus rau hauv rebar ntau lawm chaw yam tsis tau hloov txoj kev rebar yog ua. " Lub caij no, Com&Sens tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm automated technology los embed fiber-optic sensors thaum lub sij hawm filament winding txheej txheem nyob rau hauv siab hlab ntsha.
Vim tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws xob, carbon fiber tuaj yeem ua teeb meem nrog dielectric sensors.Dielectric sensors siv ob lub electrodes tso ze rau ib leeg. Hauv qhov no, siv lub lim. "Lub lim cia cov resin hla lub sensors, tab sis insulates lawv los ntawm carbon fiber." Lub linear dielectric sensor tsim los ntawm Cranfield University thiab NCC siv txoj hauv kev sib txawv, suav nrog ob txoj hlua khi ntawm tooj liab.Thaum siv hluav taws xob, ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov xov hlau, uas yog siv los ntsuas cov resin impedance.Cov xov hlau yog coated. nrog ib tug insulating polymer uas tsis cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob teb, tab sis tiv thaiv cov carbon fiber los ntawm shorting.
Tau kawg, tus nqi kuj yog ib qho teeb meem.Com&Sens hais tias tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm ib qho FBG qhov taw qhia yog 50-125 euros, uas yuav poob mus rau ib ncig ntawm 25-35 euros yog siv hauv cov khoom siv (xws li, rau 100,000 lub nkoj siab).(Qhov no yog Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab kev npaj tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab sib xyaw, saib CW's 2021 tsab xov xwm ntawm hydrogen.) Meggitt's Karapapas hais tias nws tau txais kev muab rau fiber ntau optic kab nrog FBG sensors nruab nrab £ 250 / sensor (≈300€ / sensor), tus neeg nug yog tus nqi ib ncig ntawm £ 10,000 (€ 12,000). Tus kws tshawb fawb laus) hauv Composites Txheej Txheem Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Cranfield University, "yog ib qho kev ntsuas impedance, uas yog qhov tseeb heev thiab raug nqi tsawg kawg yog £ 30,000 [≈ € 36,000], Tab sis NCC siv cov lus nug yooj yim dua uas feem ntau muaj tawm ntawm lub txee. modules los ntawm lub tuam txhab lag luam Advise Deta [Bedford, UK]." Synthesites yog quoting € 1,190 rau hauv-pwm sensors thiab € 20 rau ib leeg-siv / ib feem sensors Hauv EUR, Optiflow tau hais ntawm EUR 3,900 thiab Optimold ntawm EUR 7,200, nrog rau kev txo nqi ntau ntxiv rau ntau lub ntsuas ntsuas.Cov nqi no suav nrog Optiview software thiab ib qho twg. Kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog, Pantelelis tau hais, ntxiv tias cov tuam txhab cua tshuab txuag 1.5 teev ib lub voj voog, ntxiv cov hniav ib kab hauv ib hlis, thiab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 20 feem pua, nrog rau kev nqis peev ntawm tsuas yog plaub lub hlis.
Cov tuam txhab uas siv cov sensors yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo raws li kev sib xyaw 4.0 digital manufacturing evolve.Piv txwv li, hais tias Grégoire Beauduin, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam ntawm Com&Sens, "Raws li cov tuam txhab tsim cov nkoj siab sim txo qhov hnyav, kev siv khoom thiab nqi, lawv tuaj yeem siv peb cov sensors los ua pov thawj. lawv cov qauv tsim thiab saib xyuas kev tsim khoom raws li lawv mus txog qib uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm 2030. Tib lub sensors siv los ntsuas cov qib siab hauv cov txheej thaum lub sij hawm filament winding thiab curing kuj tuaj yeem saib xyuas lub tank kev ncaj ncees thaum lub sij hawm ntau txhiab refueling cycles, kwv yees xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab recertify thaum kawg ntawm kev tsim. lub neej. Peb tuaj yeem Lub pas dej digital ntxaib yog muab rau txhua lub nkoj sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim tawm, thiab kev daws teeb meem kuj tau tsim rau satellites. "
Ua kom cov menyuam ntxaib digital thiab xov Com&Sens ua haujlwm nrog cov chaw tsim khoom sib xyaw siv nws cov fiber ntau optic sensors los ua kom cov ntaub ntawv digital ntws los ntawm kev tsim, tsim khoom thiab kev pabcuam (txoj cai) los txhawb cov npav ID digital uas txhawb nqa digital ntxaib ntawm txhua ntu (sab laug) ua. Duab credit: Com&Sens thiab Figure 1, "Engineering with Digital Threads" los ntawm V. Singh, K. Wilcox.
Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv sensor txhawb nqa cov ntxaib digital, nrog rau cov xov digital uas nthuav dav tsim, tsim khoom, kev pabcuam kev ua haujlwm thiab obsolescence.Thaum soj ntsuam siv kev txawj ntse thiab tshuab kev kawm, cov ntaub ntawv no pub rov qab rau hauv kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab sustainability.This kuj tau hloov txoj kev muab saw hlau ua haujlwm ua ke.Piv txwv li, cov chaw tsim khoom nplaum Kiilto (Tampere, Finland) siv Collo sensors los pab nws cov neeg siv khoom tswj qhov piv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw A, B, thiab lwm yam hauv lawv cov khoom siv nplaum sib xyaw ua ke. "Kiilto Tam sim no tuaj yeem kho qhov sib xyaw ntawm nws cov nplaum rau cov neeg siv khoom, "tab sis nws kuj tso cai rau Kiilto kom nkag siab tias cov resins cuam tshuam li cas hauv cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov neeg siv khoom cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov khoom, uas hloov pauv cov khoom siv li cas. Chains tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke. "
OPTO-Light siv Kistler, Netzsch thiab Synthesites sensors los saib xyuas kev kho rau cov thermoplastic overmolded epoxy CFRP qhov chaw.Image credit: AZL
Sensors kuj txhawb cov khoom tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw ua ke.Described hauv CW's 2019 tsab xov xwm ntawm OPTO-Light project (saib "Thermoplastic Overmolding Thermosets, 2-Minute Cycle, One Battery"), AZL Aachen (Aachen, Germany) siv ob-kauj ruam txheej txheem mus rau kab rov tav compressed ib leeg rau (UD) carbon fiber / epoxy prepreg, ces overmolded nrog 30% luv iav fiber reinforced PA6.Qhov tseem ceeb yog tsuas yog ib feem kho cov prepreg kom cov seem reactivity nyob rau hauv lub epoxy yuav pab tau kev sib txuas rau cov thermoplastic. .AZL siv Optimold thiab Netzsch DEA288 Epsilon analyzers nrog Synthesites thiab Netzsch dielectric sensors thiab Kistler nyob rau hauv-pwm sensors thiab DataFlow software los optimize txhaj molding. nkag siab txog lub xeev ntawm kev kho mob kom ua tiav kev sib txuas zoo rau thermoplastic overmolding, "piav qhia AZL kws tshawb fawb kws tshawb fawb Richard Schares. "Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov txheej txheem yuav hloov tau thiab ntse, txheej txheem kev sib hloov yog tshwm sim los ntawm sensor signals."
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb, Järveläinen hais tias, "thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov tsis muaj kev nkag siab los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cov sensors sib txawv rau hauv lawv cov txheej txheem. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsis muaj cov kws tshaj lij sensor. " Tam sim no, txoj kev mus rau pem hauv ntej xav tau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv rov qab thiab tawm.Cov koom haum xws li AZL, DLR (Augsburg, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) thiab NCC tab tom txhim kho ntau qhov kev tshaj lij sensor.Sause hais tias muaj cov pab pawg hauv UNA, nrog rau kev sib tw. Cov tuam txhab uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov sensor thiab cov kev pabcuam ntxaib digital.Nws hais ntxiv tias Augsburg AI ntau lawm network tau xauj 7,000-square-meter chaw rau lub hom phiaj no, "nthuav dav CosiMo txoj kev loj hlob daim phiaj mus rau qhov dav dav, suav nrog kev sib txuas automation hlwb, qhov chaw muaj cov neeg koom tes. tuaj yeem tso cov tshuab, khiav cov haujlwm thiab kawm yuav ua li cas koom nrog cov kev daws teeb meem AI tshiab. "
Carapappas tau hais tias Meggitt's dielectric sensor ua qauv qhia ntawm NCC tsuas yog thawj kauj ruam hauv qhov ntawd. "Thaum kawg, kuv xav saib xyuas kuv cov txheej txheem thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab pub rau lawv rau hauv peb lub ERP system yog li kuv paub ua ntej lub sijhawm twg cov khoom siv los tsim, uas cov neeg kuv xav tau thiab cov ntaub ntawv twg los xaj. Digital automation txhim kho. "
Zoo siab txais tos rau hauv online SourceBook, uas sib haum rau CompositesWorld's txhua xyoo luam tawm ntawm SourceBook Composites Kev Lag Luam Tus Neeg Yuav Khoom Qhia.
Ntsuj Plig AeroSystems Siv Airbus Smart Design rau A350 Center Fuselage thiab Front Spars hauv Kingston, NC
Post lub sij hawm: May-20-2022
